Thursday, October 25, 2012

MONEY 15 - LAND DEVELOPMENT #3


THIS IS MY 15TH POST ON UNDERSTANDING MONEY TOOLS

Land Development Part 3

In this segment we will take the basics of a development from the purchase to finish of land work to turn to a builder/developer using my development in Wisconsin as an example. Again, my blogs are meant to be educational and touch upon the business basics, not in detailed depth.  Please go to: www.premierewisconsinland.com
Or follow along as I describe the land and now it’s 4 parcels.

Two of the most important ingredients of land development are lots of luck and timing!

This aspect will be broken apart so each blog is not too long.

This project is a major interchange in Oconomowoc, Wis. about 30 miles west of Milwaukee near I-94 and combines two state highways. The land was purchased in the 1990s, and was chosen as one of three possible sites for a large interchange including 4 land highway and over pass; one of the largest projects in Wisconsin. The State Department of Transportation
(DOT) selected this land over the other two sites.  Over a year of work with the Department of Transportation was completed coordinating my land work with the State engineers, and then the project was postponed because of funding.  This is where staying power is necessary, as the unexpected seems to always occur. 

The land combined two farms. I took advantage of the DOT’s delays to take down all the barns, out buildings and one old farmhouse, leaving one farmhouse remaining.  The States will pay more for a house and residential lot than farmland, so best to leave something remaining on the land. The Department of Natural Resources (DNR) becomes involved from the onset if you do work on anything over one acre of land, or do major changes to land. With demolishing of buildings comply with State and local permits and standards.  I had to have the acidity of the concrete tested before burying the foundations!

In 2000 the State’s budget was met for the project and the engineering plans once again began.  I had a great law firm working on my behalf and in May, 2004, the State purchased the needed land of 60 acres with a mutually agreed upon price, rather than push the State into eminent domain, where they can take private land for the betterment of the public.

Now, you want to do several things at once:
-Hire a top civil engineering firm.
-Contract with a good public relations firm.
-Hire a market study to be completed that will help confirm optimum usage for land.
-Hire a top architectural firm for conceptual layout.
-Contract for soils tests including wetland studies.
-Contact Departments of Natural Resources and Army Corps of Engineers.
-Contact all utility departments including water, sewer, telephone, and cable companies for fiber optics.
-Stay in close contact and meetings with the State engineering department.
-Meet with the contracting company that wins the bid for the construction of the highway for the State.  You want a close relationship with this contracting firm.

Large projects take time.  This one took 3 years to finish the highway once ground was broken.  I coordinated a lot of land work at the same time.  Normally contractors for the State will have extra soil or fill that can be used for your own development. This may include crushed concrete for berms and other subsurface layers.

Parcel 1 work:  This is approximately 35 acres and best suited for retail/commercial.  Nice residential lies to the east.  Neighborhoods are close-knit communities. As soon as construction starts the people may be up in arms; noise, development, dust, changes to the area. This is where a good public relations firm comes in.  Parcel 1 sloped to the north dropping about 6 feet from one end to the other.  After wetland studies were completed we were losing a few acres to wetlands, and these acres cannot be touched.  Sometimes this can be subtle, and not necessarily wet areas.  The DNR will look for wetland cabbage, cattails, or do acidity tests on the soil to make determinations. 

If you lose acreage because of wetland designation to the State, you can use it as a natural green belt as a certain amount of acreage will need to be dedicated for green belt. 

We eventually brought in 130,000 cubic yards of clean fill to this parcel after removing the topsoil and then graded  it to a 0-1% grade.  Then, replaced 9-12” of topsoil as mandated by the DNR. We want to hold this in agricultural zoning until the economy returns or until the land can be sold to a builder. Farming the land can keep your taxes low. Prematurely rezoning can be devastating from a real estate tax and cost standpoint.

We will continue from here with the next blog.

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