Thursday, May 11, 2017

MONEY 117 - RETAIL


THIS IS MY 117TH BLOG ON UNDERSTANDING MONEY TOOLS

I have been analyzing one large national retail company. For obvious reasons I cannot mention the name nor the industry but would like to cover a few salient points that I believe are typical of large companies and why they are failing.  Once a company is a publicly traded entity it is very important to have a good financial public relations firm behind it.  Propaganda machines!  Is what you hear and read in the news and reports the real deal?  I doubt it.

I am going to leave financing out of this analysis as we have discussed it many times before and how Governmental Accounting Practices (GAP) has changed.  With this particular company I am finding a mess, and most likely very typical of old companies that have grown through acquisitions of other companies.

Here is what we have:
-       A company that has expanded over the past 75 years in an industry that has been relatively hot with solid profit margins of around 35%. They retail, but not manufacture product, much company product from China.  Now, the demographic market is aging, industry rapidly changing, thus will product be in demand or growing in 10-15 years?  I question it.
-       The company has thousands of US stores and inventory that is disorganized.  Example:  Corporate has printouts for each store and inventory, however actual annual inventory is done manually by low paid employees without the aid of scanners.  How do you really know the value of assets and inventory on hand?  You don’t.  Grocery stores are noted for being able to control inventory count pretty well.  Many times they outsource this to private companies, and we have all seen these people in isles along with laptop computers on carts and hand held scanners.  Much better.  Most retailers have to hire minimum wage people, many never graduated from high school let alone went to college.  Therefore, inventory needs to be controlled accurately and in a simple manner. 
-       Employees. This company I speak of has a high turnover of employees, not unusual for minimum wage jobs.  Make a corporate rule that to educate the average employee it should not take more than 2 days.  Training, systems, work and expectations need to be set to the lower degree for these employees.  Employees are like a chain, no stronger than the weakest link. Management can have a different standard and are paid more.
-       Identification of inventory.  The company I refer to, like many retailers, runs a back room inventory of 40-60% of total retail space.  Shipments normally come in from a distribution or hub centers located close to major airports or rail stations 1 to 3 times a day.   Inventory areas need to be well marked and easily assessable to employees.  The company I am analyzing has nothing marked and could take the average employee months to learn where product is stored, inefficient and with inefficiencies come costly errors.  Within each product area items are assigned according to number, or worse, hand written identification numbers. In the real world, do you think a minimum paid employee cares where things go?  No.  Companies need to use signage for all product spelled out and understandable for both the customer out front and the employees in the back room. Access to back room inventory can go 10 feet high on shelves.  This company has no easy access to higher items, therefore cumbersome ladders block the isles.  Not all isles have these ladders so to get a part on an isle with no ladder it takes several minutes to wheel a ladder to another isle.
-       Software technology.  According to a few employees this company’s software is a nightmare; designed by idiots and updated regularly not communicating the updates with store employees and management.  Again, in setting up a well-run company use the 2 day rule for employees; keep it simple with a full understanding for your basic employee within 2 days of hiring. There are only a couple reasons people work these minimum wage jobs, they don’t have the mentality or education, or they are between better jobs and have their resumes on the street.  Management can have their own more complex supplemental system, and of course, user names and passwords.  I have experienced over and over companies expanding rapidly through acquisitions of other companies.  Before these companies close on a deal they truly need to look more carefully how they are going to integrate their software with the other company and its compatibility.  This was a nightmare in 2008-2009 when banks and investment firms were being merged.  Investment firms made useless trades and banks had accounts that were in chaos.
-       Security.  Security and theft is important for all retailers. Theft costs go right to the bottom line.  There are various kinds of theft including white collar crime, shoplifting, store break-ins and theft directly from the cash drawers.  Set up a system to remove excess cash from the cash drawers once a certain amount has been reached, let’s say $200, and place the money in a backroom safe until a trusted employees makes a bank deposit run or a security firm makes a pick up.  In the case of the company I am analyzing they have a relatively high theft rate.  Nationally they have phony cameras throughout stores, and yet have had many thefts.  Sophisticated thieves know a fake camera from a real monitored camera.  In this case, when a theft occurs they have no photos to give police nor can the police give photos to the news media.  A security camera system can start as low as $500-$1000 per store.  At a minimum have two cameras, one aimed at the entrance and another to cover the sales counters or isles; the money.  A few year’s ago I started two retail stores and we used ADT Security.  One store was broken into and robbed twice.  The thieves cut the main telephone land-line to the shopping center, not just our store.  Therefore they had free access. The thieves broke into and robbed most of the stores in the shopping center except for the big box stores that had more advanced systems in place. In this case, we and other retailers did not have a back up for ADT to work.  Lessons learned the costly way!
-       This company has a very dated check out system for customers with too many steps to take for employees, and extra paperwork in terms of receipts. This is frustrating for the employee and customer, thus costly to the company. Stay up to date with new equipment and systems.  Cash drawers should be locked except when making a sale.  A good cash drawer should be locked, and only available when a sale is made, by employee code or a key to unlock.
-       Management style.  Again, this section is addressing the company I am reviewing.  The company has an old fashion dictatorial style of management, one that leads to failure.  It is “do as we say”.  This includes no talking amongst employees at most times.  Employees need to have fun at work, too much time of the day is spent working not to have fun.  Companies should realize communication between employees brings new ideas and builds teamwork.  Happy employee’s attitudes rub off on customers.  Also, with a pleasant working environment employees respect management more and the corporation in general.  This company does not welcome employees commenting on how things might be improved.  Every employee could bring forth new constructive, creative ideas.  I could go on with this subject of management, but will restrain.  Good management realizes each employee has an integral role from the CEO to the janitor.  Each should be treated with the same respect.  Companies should learn from employees as they are the hands on, everyday people.  Give employees freedom, they should not be slaves.

I hope some of this information helps you in respect to starting a company or investing in one. The more time you spend in business, hopefully the more lessons you learn.  The main thing is that you take pre-emptive strikes to keep losses at a minimum and increasing bottom line.  The other point I am making with this blog is that you can make a mistake assuming because a company is publicly traded, large, nationally well advertised and appears great, that it is. 



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